In 1962, Everett immigrated to the United States, and first traveled to Kansas where his initial intent was to become a minister in the Unity School of Christianity. He worked for the Unity Church for a short time in Kansas City. In 1963, Everett gave up his path to becoming a minister, and instead helped establish a preparatory school in Fort Worth, Texas, Fort Worth Country Day School, where he was also an instructor. There he also encountered Jose Silva, founder of the Silva Mind Control method, and began to study techniques of mind control, self-hypnosis, and meditation.

Everett utilized the techniques learned in Jose Silva’s Mind Control methodology, as well as concepts from Edgar Cayce, to form the Mind Dynamics course in 1968. Everett and his Mind Dynamics course was the subject of Jess Stern’s book, The Power Of Alpha Thinking (1969). One of the many influential graduates included Dr. O. Carl Simonton of the Simonton Cancer Center. Mind Dynamics was a precursor to other groups that used similar techniques. Alexander was often referred to as “The Teacher of Teachers” and “The Father of the Human Potential Movement” … as his employees included Werner Erhard, founder of “est” Erhard Seminars Training and the Landmark Forum; John Hanely, founder of Lifespring; James H. and Janet Quinn, founders of LifeStream; Randy Revell, founder of Context Trainings; Tom and Jane Willhite, founders of PSI World; Robert White, founder of ARC and Life Dynamics; Howard Nease, founder of Personal Dynamics; Bill Schwartz, founder of the Meditation Institute of Milwaukee; Stuart Emery, founder of Actualizations, and Russ and Carol Bishop with Insight. The first form of Mind Dynamics was non-confrontational, did not involve direct interaction with course participants, and participants did not share of their own personal experiences in the coursework. In 1970, Everett moved the headquarters of his company from Texas to San Francisco, California, and the company was bought out by William Penn Patrick in the same year. Patrick was the owner of Holiday Magic, a cosmetics company, and Leadership Dynamics, a similar company to Mind Dynamics that used more confrontational techniques. Though Mind Dynamics was structured as a for-profit, self-improvement company, it was also described as a spiritual discipline. Everett stated that one of the goals of Mind Dynamics was to “get people to a higher dimension of mind”.

Werner Erhard was a student of Everett’s, and became an instructor in his own right in the Mind Dynamics training. After reaching the level of instructor, Erhard was also chosen by Everett to be responsible for Mind Dynamics course development. Alexander Everett offered Erhard a vice-presidency in the company and a larger salary, but Erhard instead took his staff including Laurel Scheaf and Gonneke Spits to form Erhard Seminars Training. Everett was present in the hotel ballroom when Werner Erhard led his last Mind Dynamics course, and announced to the audience that he would be soon forming a new company. Though Everett publicly went up on stage and stated his support for Erhard and was sorry to see him go, privately he was furious with Erhard for planning his exit and new company behind Everett’s back. John Hanley, who later went on to form Lifespring also was influenced by Mind Dynamics and Everett. The course spread to Australia and Europe, but was shut down in 1973 along with Leadership Dynamics and Holiday Magic, when William Penn Patrick died in a plane crash. Patrick’s companies were being investigated by the United States government on allegations of pyramid schemes. However, the Mind Dynamics course still had a huge effect on the New Age movement.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Alexander Everett, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Manipulative and body-based methods

”Manipulative and body-based methods”, is the precise name of a NCCAM classification, for alternative treatments that are based on manipulation and/or movement of one or more parts of the body (See also Manipulative therapy).

*Active Isolate Stretching

*Acupressure

*Alexander Technique

*Body work

*Bowen Technique

*Chiropractic

*Feldenkrais Method

*Martial arts

*Massage therapy

*Medical acupuncture

*Metamorphic Technique

*Myofascial Release

*Osteopathy

*Rolfing

*Shiatsu

*Taijiquan

*Tulayoga

*Trager Approach

*Tui na

Manual lymphatic drainage

”Manual lymphatic drainage” (MLD) is a type of gentle massage which is believed by proponents to encourage the natural circulation of the lymph through the body.

Mind-body connection

The mind-body connection says that the causes, development, and outcomes of an illness are determined as much from the interaction of psychological and social factors as they are due to the biological factors of health.

Mind-body interventions

”Mind-body interventions”, is the precise name of a [http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/ NCCAM] classification, that covers a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind’s capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms.

*Aromatherapy

*Art Therapy

*Autosuggestion

*Bach Flower Therapy

*Buteyko method

*Eutony

*Feldenkrais method

*Hatha yoga

*Hypnotherapy

*Metamorphic Technique

*Journaling

*Meditation

*Music Therapy

*Nia technique

*Rebirthing-Breathwork

*Reiki

*Self-hypnosis

*Support groups

*Taijiquan

*Trager Approach

*Visualization

*Vivation

*Yoga

Modality classifications

This is a classification by who is performing the CAM treatments.

#Professionalized Modalities

#Self-care Modalities

#Group Modalities

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Glossary of alternative medicine, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Audrina Adare claims she is seven years old when the novel opens, although it is later revealed that Audrina’s memory is unreliable. Audrina lives at Whitefern, a Victorian Era mansion, with her father Damian, mother Lucietta, her aunt Ellsbeth and her cousin Vera. The family takes special care to keep Audrina unaware of precise dates, including that of her own birthday—although Audrina knows she was born on the ninth of September, she is frequently confused about the exact passage of time, leading Vera to mock her for being insane. Audrina’s father, however, is convinced that Audrina “walks in her own time space”. Nine years before Audrina was born, her elder sister—who coincidentally was also named Audrina and was also born on September the ninth—was raped and murdered in the woods on what would have been her ninth birthday. Damian tells her stories about his “first and best Audrina” and convinces the younger Audrina that, by a process of self-hypnosis (which includes going into the First Audrina’s old bedroom and rocking in her rocking chair), she can gain all of the First Audrina’s memories and become just as beloved and special as her dead sister, which is what Audrina wants more than anything else in the world.

Audrina lives in virtual isolation, her only real contact with the outside world being her older cousin, Vera, who despises Audrina. Vera claims that Audrina stole her place in Damian’s affection and that the “second and worst” Audrina will never be as special or wonderful as the First and Best Audrina. Vera, a habitual liar and borderline nymphomaniac, proves early on that she will stop at nothing to take anything that Audrina loves. Audrina, conversely, is haunted by dreams of her dead sister’s rape and is terrified of sex and men. Vera takes great pleasure in taunting and is hell-bent on gaining Damian’s affections, such as constantly breaking bones to catch attention, which bothers Audrina a great deal.

When she is eight, Audrina meets Arden Lowe and his mother Billie, a former ice skater who is now an amputee, having lost both her legs. Billie and Arden have moved into the groundkeeper’s cottage in the woods where the First Audrina died. Although she fears the woods, Audrina is willing to brave them to see Billie and Arden, and gradually Damian consents to Audrina’s visits. Meanwhile, Lucietta, is pregnant yet again. The family calls Mrs. Allismore, a psychic, to come and predict the baby’s sex. They are horrified when the woman predicts the child is neither male nor female, although Vera calmly states that it is fitting that a new “freak” would join the family. On Audrina’s ninth birthday, Lucietta (six months pregnant) goes into early labor but dies in childbirth; the baby is a girl and is named Sylvia.

To keep Lucietta’s memory alive, Audrina takes piano lessons alongside Vera at Lamar Rensdale’s home. More than a year after her birth, Sylvia finally comes home from the hospital and turns out to be mentally challenged. Audrina is tasked by her father to take care of Sylvia. Audrina complains to her piano teacher Lamar about not being allowed to go to school—he intervenes and Audrina is finally allowed to go to school, with Ellsbeth begrudgingly agreeing to care for Sylvia while Audrina is in school. A couple of years later, Audrina discovers an affair going on between Lamar and Vera and that Vera is pregnant. In the ensuing confrontation with Audrina about this, Vera has a miscarriage. The next day she leaves town with Lamar Rensdale. Vera leaves a note stating that she is, in fact, Audrina’s paternal half-sister, due to an affair that Ellsbeth had with Damian before he met Lucietta. Damian does not deny any of this and says Vera’s departure is “good riddance”. Audrina is upset he has acted so horribly towards his own daughter, but Damian says Vera hates them all and given the chance would destroy them, and they should pray she stays away; even Ellsbeth sadly admits he is right.

Time passes, and shortly after she turns eighteen, Audrina discovers that Damian and Ellsbeth are lovers again; however, tragedy strikes again when Ellsbeth threatens to leave Damian because he will not let her go and help Vera (who is alone after Lamar Rensdale has committed suicide). She and Damian seem to work it out, but the next morning she is found dead from a mysterious fall down the inside stairs.

In the confusion following Ellsbeth’s death, Audrina elopes with Arden, hoping to escape her controlling father (though she does take Sylvia with her). However, Audrina is still not prepared for sexual intimacy, and her wedding night goes terribly wrong. When the newlyweds return from their disastrous honeymoon, they find that Damian has won over Arden’s mother and invited her to live with them at Whitefern. He also offers Arden a job at his company, since Arden has not been able to find work. Audrina is upset at how her father has manipulated events to keep control over her life, and disappointed that Billie has been “tricked” by Damian into believing he is wonderful and kind. She does want Billie and Arden to be happy though, so she tries along with the others to create a peaceful life in the house together. Things seem okay until Vera returns suddenly one day. Damian orders her to leave, but Billie is heart-broken by his cold-heartedness and convinces him to let Vera stay for awhile. It is not long before Vera attempts to seduce Arden.

Not long after Vera’s arrival, Audrina (and later Vera) discovers that Billie and Damian have become lovers. At first, Audrina is disgusted and attempts to persuade Billie to leave, saying that her father only knows how to ruin the lives of the women he loves. Billie says that her father has made her feel like a woman again and Audrina comes to accept they are happy. But tragedy strikes again when Billie “falls” down the same steps and dies. Audrina suspects that Sylvia might have pushed Billie, as she always liked and wanted the cart/wheelie board that Billie used to get around, but she shelters Sylvia from accusation.

Depressed and disillusioned, Audrina pulls away from Arden and Sylvia—during this time, Vera continues her seduction of Arden and they begin an affair. At first Audrina does not care, but then her love and sexuality is finally awakened and she tells Arden that she doesn’t want to lose him to Vera after losing so many other things. They spend the first happy night of their marriage together. When she awakens in the night and checks on Sylvia, she somehow finds herself at the First Audrina’s room, and for the first time in many years she sits in the rocking chair. She regains some memories of the day the First Audrina died, which include Arden being there in the woods and running away. Confused and upset, she heads back toward her bedroom to confront Arden, and in the darkened hallway she is pushed down the stairs by an unseen assailant. She survives, but falls into a coma, during which she can hear others speak but cannot speak or move herself. In this state, she overhears Vera trying to convince Arden to disconnect Audrina’s life-support. With Sylvia’s help, Audrina awakens and escapes Vera. Her near-death experience convinces her that she cannot die without learning the secret of the First and Best Audrina.

Audrina confronts her father and demands he tell her the truth about her older sister’s death. Damian relents, confessing that the First and Best Audrina never existed. It was Audrina herself who was gang-raped in the woods. Because her father had always told her that she was pure and good, unlike the evil and dirty Vera, the rape left her so traumatized that she attempted suicide. In an attempt to save Audrina from herself, Damian subjected her to electro-convulsive therapy, trying to erase the memory of the rape. Seeing his daughter strapped down and subjected to electric shock was too much for Damian to bear, leading him to try and heal her himself. Following Damian’s lead, the family conspired to convince Audrina that she was two years younger than she really was, and that the rape didn’t happen to her but to an older sister who died before she was born. Eventually the repetition of this story worked and Audrina believed it. This is why her memory is unreliable. Since the family deliberately changed the clocks in the house and also ripped off calendar days at random, her sense of time was also altered. As Audrina listens to her father’s tale she remembers seeing Arden there and realizes he witnessed the rape but ran away in the face of Audrina’s older and stronger assailants. This means that he also knew who she really was all these years but kept the secret.

As Damian is relaying all of this to Audrina, Vera appears in the doorway. Upon seeing Vera, Audrina is flooded with clear memories of the day she was attacked and realizes that Vera was the only other person who knew she would be coming home through the woods that day, and also knew how to get to the path. Audrina concludes it must have been Vera who told the boys where to find her that day. She accuses Vera of doing this out of jealousy. Vera denies being involved but Damian believes Audrina and lashes out at Vera. Vera’s reaction suggests she is in fact guilty, but when Damian curses her she accuses him in turn of never acknowledging her as his daughter and always favoring Audrina over her, even though Vera is the one who is more like him. She tells Damian that it is his own fault that Audrina was raped. Infuriated, Damian rushes at her. When Vera turns to run she slips and falls down the stairs, later dying of her numerous injuries.

Heartbroken and betrayed, Audrina decides to take herself and Sylvia away from Whitefern, as she is convinced that nothing can flourish in this house but pain and tragedy. She is willing to leave her father and Arden behind if it means escaping her past and the fate of her mother and half-sister. Audrina says her final good-byes, but Sylvia refuses to leave. Her sister’s simple words of “home, Audrina, home” destroy Audrina’s will to escape. She tries to still leave by herself, but realizes that where there is love there can be forgiveness and the promise of a fresh start. She decides to stay and replace the painful memories with new memories forged on honesty and the deep abiding love of family. She now finally feels like the loving “First” Audrina she has always strived to be.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article My Sweet Audrina, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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A therapeutic session in a flotation tank typically lasts an hour. For the first forty minutes, it is reportedly possible to experience itching in various parts of the body (a phenomenon also reported to be common during the early stages of meditation). The last twenty minutes often end with a transition from beta or alpha brainwaves to theta, which typically occurs briefly before sleep and again at waking. In a float tank, the theta state can last for several minutes without the subject losing consciousness. Many use the extended theta state as a tool for enhanced creativity and problem-solving or for superlearning. The more often the tank is used the longer the theta period becomes.

Spas sometimes provide commercial float tanks for use in relaxation. Flotation therapy has been academically studied in the USA and in Sweden with published results showing reduction of both pain and stress. The relaxed state also involves lowered blood pressure and maximal blood flow.

Floating can be passive or active, depending on the purpose. For relaxation, one simply floats and ‘clears the mind.’ Active floating has many different techniques. One may perform meditation, mantras, self-hypnosis, utilize educational programs, etc. The idea of active floating is that, when the body is relaxed, the mind becomes highly suggestible and any action taken during these states will enter the information into the sub-conscious. Flotation therapy may be used to complement other body work and healing methods.

Commercial centres have begun to use couple floating in larger float tanks or rooms. This helps some people overcome reluctance to try a new experience. Whilst less satisfactory than solo floating, all of the benefits are the same.

More extreme uses of the tank involve the subject taking varying doses of psychedelics; such as LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, ketamine, or cannabis and spending prolonged periods in the tank (up to tens of hours) at a time, an approach pioneered by Lilly himself—though he claims to have tried LSD in the tank only prior to 1964, while the psychedelic was still legal.

Floatation therapy

Alternate spellings: “flotation therapy”,”float therapy”, “floating therapy”, is therapy that is undertaken by floating in a warm salt water in a float tank.

Floatation therapy developed from the research work of John Lilly although he was not primarily interested in therapy, rather in the effect of sensory deprivation on the human brain and mind.

People using early float tanks discovered that they enjoyed the experience and that the relaxed state was also a healing state for many conditions including stress, anxiety, pain, swelling, insomnia and jet lag.

As a result float tanks were produced for commercial uses and commercial float centres offering floatation therapy opened in several countries during the period 1980 to the present day when there are hundreds of floatation centres in dozens of countries. In almost all cases these float centres offer wellness treatments and in particular the release of stress.

Research into floatation therapy (as opposed to just the effect of isolation) began in the USA at Ohio State University where floating was shown to improve creativity in Jazz musicians, accuracy in rifle shooting, focus before academic examinations and stress relief, among others.

Research in Sweden has demonstrated the therapeutic effect on stress and pain.

The technique takes advantage of an atavistic ability that seems to be common to all humans to relax when floating at a comfortable temperature. The temperature is that which allows natural heat generation to escape without the need for muscle action to raise body temperature in homeostasis. The floating posture, usually the supine position (although the prone position with chin supported on elbows is recommended for pregnant women), allows all the postural muscles to relax. The water pressure on the immersed skin is lower than the blood pressure and thus blood flow continues in skin capillaries. This is in contrast to normal bed rest where local contact pressure inhibits blood flow requiring regular adjustment of posture. When people cannot adjust their posture in bed, e.g. in some illnesses, bed sores can result. When floating there is no tendency to adjust posture and a person can float immobile for many hours.

The natural tendency of the body in the floating posture at the correct temperature is to dilate the blood vessels, reducing the blood pressure and maximising blood flow. The brain activity normally associated with postural muscles is reduced to a minimum. In this state, which we can call the floating state, natural endorphins are released reducing pain. Lactic acid removal is accelerated. Flow in the lymphatic system is increased.

Effects==

The effect on stress

Perceived stress can be correlated with increased levels of cortisol and in floatation therapy there is a natural tendency for cortisol to be reduced. For this reason, floatation therapy is one of the few noninvasive techniques available to manage stress when it is a factor in reducing a person’s ability to cope with normal life. Floatation therapy is a fast technique in this respect. The Swedish research was based on 40 minute float sessions. This compares well with other management techniques such as long vacations.

There are many similarities with the age old long hot bath, the differences being that in floatation therapy the temperature is maintained at the correct level and the bath is large enough to float without touching the sides of the bath.

The effect of the salt

Most float tanks use epsom salt, Magnesium sulphate (sulfate), in high concentration so that the relative density of the solution is about 1.25. (Lilly recommended 1.3 but this requires operating very close to saturation with the risk of recrystalisation). The density assists floating particularly making the head buoyant so that the nose and mouth are well out of the water for breathing.

It has recently been discovered that there is a secondary effect which is important to floatation therapy. Magnesium is absorbed through the skin thanks to natural molecular diffusion. This tends to correct a common deficiency. Magnesium is absorbed from the diet but in many areas of the world over cropping without adequate replacement of magnesium makes the normal diet low in Magnesium.

The body naturally optimises the levels of magnesium, so there is no over load effect from floating in the salts for extended periods.

It is noted that there is no “floatation therapist”:, although there is a need to instruct the floater and need to maintain the equipment in a safe condition. However floatation therapy is compatible with other therapies as a preparation or conjuct activity. Examples include massage, osteopathy, homeopathy, talk therapy, hypnosis.

Examples of Floatation therapy

* fertility: Many women, after medical examination for physical causes, are advised to take significant lifestyle changes such as moving house or stopping work because stress is recognised as a factor in infertility. Floatation therapy is a useful stress reduction technique in many cases.

* insomnia: Loss of sleep or disturbed sleep patterns can exacerbate stress and floatation therapy is an ideal technique to reduce stress in anticipation of bed rest. Many floaters fall asleep in the float tank. This is considered safe in that there is no tendency to roll over when floating. Long periods of sleep are not usually possible in a commercial float center but the therapy has long lasting effects so the sufferer can go to bed after a float session and sleep naturally without drugs.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Isolation tank, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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•meditation

•guided imagery

•biofeedback & autogenic training

•breathing & movement

•self expression through words and drawings

(reference Gordon,2000)

*Aromatherapy

*Art Therapy

*Autosuggestion

*Bach Flower Therapy

*Dance movement psychotherapy

*Dynamic Embodiment

*Eutony

*Feldenkrais method

*Hatha yoga

*Hypnotherapy

*Laban Movement Analysis

*Metamorphic Technique

*Movement Therapy

*Somatic Movement Education & Therapy

*Journaling

*Meditation

*Music Therapy

*Rebirthing-Breathwork

*Self-hypnosis

*Somatic Experiencing

*Support groups

*Taijiquan

*Trager Approach

*Visualization

*Vivation

*Yoga

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Mind–body intervention, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Finney’s first short story, “The Widow’s Walk”, won a contest sponsored by ”Ellery Queen’s Mystery Magazine” in 1946. His first novel, ”5 Against the House,” was published in 1954. It was made into a movie the following year.

Finney’s novel ”The Body Snatchers” (1955) was the basis for the 1956 movie ”Invasion of the Body Snatchers” (and its remakes). It tells the story of aliens who invade Earth by emerging from pods and taking over the bodies of humans.

Another novel, ”Assault on a Queen” (1959), became a film with Frank Sinatra as the leader of a gang that pulls a daring robbery of the RMS Queen Mary.

Finney’s greatest success came with his science fiction novel ”Time and Again” (1970). Its protagonist, Simon Morley, is working in advertising in New York City when he is recruited for a secret government project trying to achieve time travel. Instead of using a physical machine, the participants steep themselves in the history and culture of a particular time and place, then travel there through hypnosis or self-hypnosis. Morley travels to the New York City of 1882. The novel is notable for Finney’s vivid and detailed picture of life in the city at that time. Morley sees many actual historical sites, some now gone (e.g., the post office that, until 1939, stood in what is now the southern tip of City Hall Park) and some still existing (e.g., St. Patrick’s Cathedral, then the tallest building in its Fifth Avenue neighborhood).

In 1987, Finney was given the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement at the World Fantasy Convention, held in Nashville, Tennessee.

Finney’s story “Such Interesting Neighbors” was made into an episode of the Spielberg-created anthology series Amazing Stories and starred Adam Ant and Marcia Strassman.

In 1995, twenty-five years after ”Time and Again”, Finney published a well-received sequel called ”From Time to Time” featuring the further adventures of Morley, this time centering on Manhattan in 1912. Finney died at the age of 84 not long after finishing the book.

The 1998 television movie ”The Love Letter”, starring Campbell Scott and Jennifer Jason Leigh, is based on Finney’s short story of the same name, which appeared in ”The Saturday Evening Post” (1959).

[http://quiver.knox.edu/thethirdlevel/ ''The Third Level''], Knox College’s science fiction and fantasy publication, is named for Finney’s short story and collection.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Jack Finney, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Finkelstein’s 1982 article provides a detailed description of the structure and techniques of an Erhard Seminars Training event, noting an authoritarian demeanor of the trainer, physical strains on the participants from a long schedule, and the similarity of many techniques to those used in some group therapy and encounter groups. The academic textbook, ”Handbook of Group Psychotherapy” regards Large Group Awareness Training organisations as “less open to leader differences”, because they follow a “detailed written plan” that does not vary from one training to the next.

Specific techniques used in Large Group Awareness Trainings may include:

* meditation

* biofeedback

* self-hypnosis

* relaxation techniques

* visualization

* neuro-linguistic programming

* mind-control

* yoga

LGATs utilize such techniques during long sessions, sometimes called a “marathon” session. Paglia describes “EST’s Large Group Awareness Training”: “Marathon, eight-hour sessions, in which [participants] were confined and harassed, supposedly led to the breakdown of conventional ego, after which they were in effect born again.”

In his book ”Life 102”, LGAT participant and former trainer Peter McWilliams describes the basic technique of marathon trainings as ”pressure/release” and asserts that advertising uses pressure/release “all the time”, as do “good cop/bad cop” police-interrogations and revival meetings. By spending approximately half the time making a person feel bad and then suddenly reversing the feeling through effusive praise, the programs cause participants to experience a stress-reaction and an “endorphin high”. McWilliams gives examples of various LGAT activities called ”processes” with names such as “love bomb,” “lifeboat”, “cocktail party” and “cradling” which take place over many hours and days, physically exhausting the participants to make them more susceptible to the trainer’s message, whether in the participants’ best interests or not.

Although extremely critical of some LGATs, McWilliams found positive value in others, asserting that they varied not in technique but in the application of technique.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Large Group Awareness Training, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Gibson graduated from the Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, in 1933.

He became the youngest ever, at the age of 25, to gain the fellowship in 1934. After locums in Aden, Malawi, and South Africa, he became Dean of Durban Medical School in 1939. During World War II, he served with the Emergency Medical Service in Britain, treating wounded soldiers.

After a brief return to private practice in South Africa, he spent the 1950s in Guernsey. In 1959 briefly went to Hailie Selassie Hospital in Ethiopia as a surgeon, then back to Dublin to take an appointment at Dr Steeven’s Hospital.

In 1965, Gibson began producing his self hypnosis material in popular media. ”How to Stop Smoking” was Ireland’s best-selling LP of 1971.

Dr Gibson died peacefully in the Naas General Hospital on Saturday 2 April 2005 aged 95.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Jack Stanley Gibson, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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SKINNY is a directing team based in Los Angeles that specializes in music videos. It is composed of David Hache, Marc-Edouard Leon and Dori Oskowitz. SKINNY is known for developing its concepts through the use of creative methods that are deeply rooted in mysticism. These include meditation, trance, self-hypnosis, secret teachings and the occult.

The directing team is devoted to creating a spiritual renaissance in the arts and has close relationships with yogis, Native American medicine men, occultists and cabbalists. On top of this, SKINNY’s work often features intricate makeup, elaborate set design, vibrant colors, eroticism (including male and female nudity), a sense of humor, references to Renaissance art, and homages to underground, cult and international film.

In 2008, SKINNY signed to the acclaimed music video and commercial production company Partizan. Since being signed to Partizan, SKINNY has directed music videos for major labels. Yet the directing team continues to work with unsigned musicians and is dedicated to helping the careers of independent artists.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article SKINNY (directing team), under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Toward the end of the 1970’s, Epstein participated in a study of 127 subjects to investigate the experiences of “self-hypnosis, waking dreaming, and mindfulness meditation.” Reports by participants indicated that the images they experienced in waking dream had a more “vivid inner reality,” that they were more aware of the images’ “immediate impact,” and that they were less likely to see the images as their own creation.

Asthma

In the mid 1990’s, Epstein collaborated with Elizabeth Ann Manhart Barrett, then the coordinator of the Center for Nursing Research at Hunter College, City University of New York, and with other colleagues, to conduct two studies on the use of mental imagery by adults experiencing asthma. The first study, funded by the Office of Alternative Medicine of the National Institutes of Health, examined the quantitative effects of imagery, comparing 17 participants who used mental imagery as a treatment for their asthma and 16 participants who did not. Among the group using mental imagery, eight people (47 percent) reduced or discontinued their medication, while in the group not using imagery, no one discontinued their medication and only three people (19 percent) reduced it. People using imagery also indicated that they had increased their ability to make choices and their overall power to create changes in their lives. The second study used a phenomenological, qualitative approach to explore the experience of the people using mental imagery to alleviate their asthma. With responses from 14 participants, researchers found that the use of mental imagery helped these people to feel more powerful and in some cases “profoundly affected” in favorable ways their views of themselves—for example, relieving them of the fear that that they would forget their inhaler and die from an asthma attack.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Gerald Epstein, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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